ThisHighSensitivityELISAenablestheanalysisofTNF-alphainlowconcentrationsfromserum,plasma,orcellculturesamples.TheHighSensitivityELISAKitsofferaccuratequantificationbelowconventionalELISAlimits.
TNF-alphareleaseismainlytriggeredbyviralinfections,endotoxins,lipopolysaccharidesorotherbacterialcomponents,bytissueinjury,DNA-damageandbyIL-1,PDFGandTNF-alphaitself.Itisprimarilyexpressedinmacrophages,butalsoinmonocytes,neutrophils,NK-cells,mast-cells,endothelialcellsandactivatedlymphocytes.TNF-alphaexpressioninendothelialcellsandfibroblastscanbeinducedbyIL-17.Theexpressionofothercytokines,chemokines,reactiveoxygenintermediates,nitricoxideandprostaglandinsisstimulatedbyTNF-alpha.Multiple
BIOLOGicalfunctionsofTNF-alphacomprisecellularproliferationanddifferentiation,tum
Origenesis,apoptoticornecroticcelldeath(includingcertaintumorcelllines),immunoregulatoryactivities,lipidmetabolism,coagulationandendothelialfunction.Itpromoteslocalorsystemicinflammation(TNF-alphaisapotentpyrogen)andstimulatestheacutephaseresponse.VeryhighexpressionsofTNF-alphaafterinfectioncanleadtosepticshock(TNF-alphaishighlycytotoxic.),whereassustainedlowlevelsinducecachexiaandinflammation.DysregulationofTNF-alphaisinvolvedinmanydiseases.
Synonyms:Cachectin;TNFligandsuperfamilymember2
ForconcretedatapleaseconsulttheInstructionforUseinthedownloadboxontherightside.